Advanced Placement (AP) Computer Science

What does the term 'subnetwork' refer to in networking?

1. A smaller network within a larger network

2. The main component of the Internet

3. A device that connects users to the Internet

4. Software used for network management

The correct answer is: A smaller network within a larger network

The term 'subnetwork' refers to a smaller network within a larger network. This concept is essential in networking because it helps organize and optimize the management of large networks. By dividing a larger network into smaller, manageable segments, or subnetworks, network administrators can improve performance, enhance security, and simplify network management. Subnetworks are often used in the context of IP addresses, where a single network may span multiple subnets. Each subnetwork can have its own range of IP addresses and often employs subnetting techniques to more efficiently route data, reduce congestion, and isolate traffic. This makes it easier to troubleshoot, manage resources, and implement security measures, as the boundaries of each subnetwork can be controlled and monitored separately. The other options do not accurately capture the essence of what a subnetwork is. For instance, the main component of the Internet represents a broader aspect, while a device that connects users to the Internet refers more to hardware such as routers or modems, and software used for network management pertains to tools and applications designed to oversee network performance rather than defining a network structure itself.